Cartilage Repair In Singapore

This is a minimally invasive technique where small holes are drilled into the bone under the damaged cartilage to promote the formation of new fibrocartilage. This method is commonly used for smaller defects and can provide temporary relief.

In this approach, a plug of healthy cartilage and bone is taken from a non-weight-bearing part of the joint and transplanted to the damaged area. OAT is suitable for patients with isolated, smaller cartilage defects and provides more durable results by using the patient’s own tissue.

A two-step procedure where cartilage cells are harvested from the patient, cultured in a lab, and re-implanted into the damaged area. This method is generally used for larger defects that require a more robust solution.

The surgeon assesses the patient’s medical history, focusing on prior joint injuries, surgeries, and chronic conditions, such as arthritis or diabetes, that could affect healing and surgical outcomes.

A detailed physical exam evaluates the joint’s range of motion, pain levels, and specific movement limitations. The surgeon may ask the patient to perform specific movements to identify functional issues and confirm the extent of joint dysfunction.

X-rays provide insight into bone alignment and detect signs of joint degeneration, while MRI scans offer a clearer picture of cartilage damage and help determine the most appropriate resurfacing technique. Imaging can also reveal other conditions, such as ligament tears, that may need to be addressed during surgery.

Patients taking blood thinners may need to stop them several days before surgery to minimise bleeding risks. The surgeon also reviews other medications, such as those for diabetes or hypertension, and provides instructions for managing them before and after the procedure.

For those receiving general anaesthesia, fasting for 6 to 8 hours before surgery is necessary to prevent aspiration, a condition where stomach contents could enter the lungs during surgery.

General anaesthesia ensures the patient remains unconscious and pain-free throughout the surgery. In some cases, regional anaesthesia, such as a spinal block, may be used to numb the lower body, sometimes with light sedation to keep the patient relaxed.

Depending on the extent of the damage, the surgeon makes small arthroscopic incisions to insert a camera and surgical instruments. If the damage is extensive or additional repairs are required, a larger open incision may be necessary to provide better access to the joint.

The surgeon selects the most suitable technique based on the type and size of the cartilage damage. The quality of the surrounding cartilage and bone also influences the choice, as certain methods are better suited for healthy tissue, while others are used for more complex cases with underlying bone involvement.

After completing the repair, the incisions are closed with stitches or surgical tape. A sterile dressing is applied to protect the site from infection and promote healing. In cases requiring an open approach, additional care may be needed to manage the larger incision during recovery.

In the initial recovery phase, the joint may be immobilised with a brace, splint, or sling to protect the repair and limit movement, with crutches provided if needed to reduce weight-bearing. Pain is managed through prescribed medications, and patients must keep the surgical site clean, dry, and follow dressing change instructions to prevent infection. Follow-up appointments help monitor healing and address any early complications.

Rehabilitation is structured in phases, gradually restoring mobility and strength. Passive exercises begin within the first 4-6 weeks to maintain flexibility without stressing the joint. From 6-12 weeks, active movements are introduced under supervision to restore mobility, and strengthening exercises begin around 3-6 months to build joint stability and function. Full recovery is typically achieved within 6-12 months.