Elbow Fractures

The pain is typically severe at the fracture site and worsens with any movement of the elbow or forearm. It may persist even when the arm is at rest, signalling an underlying injury that requires attention.

Swelling develops quickly around the elbow as the body responds to the injury, with fluids accumulating at the fracture site. Bruising from internal bleeding may spread down the arm, causing noticeable discolouration.

The elbow may appear misshapen or misaligned, particularly in severe fractures where the bone fragments shift out of place. Visible deformity suggests a serious injury that requires immediate medical attention.

Movement of the elbow or forearm becomes difficult due to pain, swelling, and mechanical obstruction from bone fragments. Even simple tasks, such as bending or straightening the arm, may become challenging.

Nearby nerve involvement can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand and fingers. These symptoms may indicate nerve compression or damage, warranting prompt evaluation by a specialist.

These fractures occur at the lower end of the upper arm bone, near the elbow joint. They are more common in adults and can range from small cracks to more severe breaks that involve multiple bone fragments.

These fractures affect the top part of the radius, a forearm bone involved in elbow movement and forearm rotation. They can disrupt the ability to rotate the forearm, making tasks like turning a doorknob difficult.

These occur at the bony tip of the ulna, which forms the point of the elbow. This fracture can affect the ability to straighten the arm and is often associated with noticeable pain and swelling at the back of the elbow.

These fractures involve a small bony projection on the ulna that contributes to elbow stability. Although rare, they often occur with other elbow injuries and can compromise joint stability if not properly managed.

These injuries involve both a fracture and a dislocation, where the bones are forced out of alignment. They are complex injuries that significantly affect the elbow’s structure and function.

The injured elbow is checked for swelling, bruising, deformity, and tenderness. Range of motion is assessed to determine mobility, and sensation or circulation in the arm and hand is evaluated to identify any nerve or vascular involvement.

X-rays are the primary tool for confirming the fracture and monitoring healing. CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images for more complex fractures, while MRIs help assess soft tissue injuries, such as ligament tears or nerve damage. While ultrasound is not the primary diagnostic tool for fractures, it can help to supplement other imaging techniques when assessing tendon or ligament injuries.

Sensation, strength, and blood flow in the affected arm and hand are evaluated to detect potential nerve compression or vascular damage. This step ensures that any complications are promptly identified and addressed.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)

ORIF involves realigning fractured bones through an incision and securing them with plates, screws, or pins to maintain alignment during healing. This method is commonly used for complex or displaced fractures.

External Fixation

External fixation stabilises bones using metal pins or screws inserted into the bone, connected to an external frame. This method avoids a large incision and is often used when severe soft tissue damage or a high risk of infection is present.

Immobilisation

Immobilising the elbow with a cast or splint helps keep the bones in the correct position during healing. This method is commonly used for simple fractures and may involve periodic X-rays to monitor the healing progress.

Medication Management

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are often recommended to reduce pain and inflammation. In cases of severe pain, stronger prescription pain medications may be prescribed.

Physical Therapy

Once the fracture has partially healed, physical therapy is required to restore movement and strengthen the elbow. Therapy involves stretching, strengthening exercises, and functional training to regain normal use of the arm.

Heat and Ice Therapy

Ice packs are applied in the early stages after injury to reduce swelling, while heat packs are used later to relax muscles and promote blood flow. Alternating between ice and heat for 15-20 minutes daily can help manage pain and support recovery.