ACL Surgery In Singapore

A complete medical evaluation, including imaging studies such as MRI scans, provides detailed images of the knee and assesses the extent of ligament damage. Blood tests are also conducted to ensure the patient is fit for the procedure. This evaluation enables the surgeon to create a detailed, personalised surgical plan.

Patients should provide their surgeon with a complete list of medications, supplements, and allergies. Certain medications, particularly blood thinners, may need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued several days before surgery to minimise bleeding risks and other complications.

Patients are typically instructed to fast for several hours before the procedure, starting at midnight the night before surgery. Fasting ensures an empty stomach, reducing the risk of complications during anaesthesia, such as aspiration (when stomach contents enter the lungs).

The patient is administered general or spinal anaesthesia. General anaesthesia keeps the patient fully asleep, while spinal anaesthesia numbs the lower body, allowing the patient to remain awake while pain-free. Sedation may also be used to help the patient relax.

The surgeon makes a small incision in the knee to access the damaged ligament. The torn ACL is removed, and a tendon graft, taken from the patient’s body or a donor, is prepared to replace the ligament.

The surgeon drills small tunnels into the thighbone and shinbone to anchor the graft. The new ligament graft is placed through these tunnels and secured with screws or other fixation devices to hold it in place.

Once the graft is in place, the surgeon puts the knee through a series of motions to ensure that the new ligament is stable and properly aligned. Adjustments are made as needed to achieve optimal stability and function.

After confirming proper placement and stability, the incision is closed using sutures or staples. A sterile bandage is applied to protect the surgical site, and in some cases, a temporary drainage tube may be placed to remove excess fluid from the area.

Post-surgery discomfort is normal, especially in the first few days. Pain can be managed through prescribed medications, which may include stronger painkillers initially. As recovery progresses, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen can be used. Ice therapy and keeping the leg elevated can also help reduce pain and swelling.

The surgical incision must be kept clean and dry to avoid infection. Any signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or unusual discharge, should be reported immediately.

Patients should avoid strenuous activities, such as heavy lifting and twisting movements, for the first few weeks. Light activities, such as walking with crutches, are encouraged to promote circulation and help prevent complications like blood clots. Gentle range-of-motion exercises may be introduced to prevent stiffness and maintain flexibility.

Physiotherapy is necessary after ACL reconstruction, starting with gentle exercises to restore range of motion and gradually progressing to strengthening exercises. A physiotherapist guides each phase of recovery, ensuring the knee is not overexerted in the early stages.

Around weeks 4 to 6, moderate activities may resume, but high-impact exercises like running should still be avoided. A full return to intense physical activities, including sports, usually occurs between 6 and 12 months, pending clearance from your specialist.