Elbow Joint Replacement

This technique uses components that are mechanically connected with a hinge. The surgeon replaces both joint surfaces and connects them with a linking mechanism. This method provides strong stability but may have mechanical wear over time.

The components are not mechanically connected but rely on the patient’s ligaments for stability. The surgeon preserves more natural tissue and replaces only the joint surfaces. This approach requires good bone quality and intact ligaments.

Only the damaged portion of the joint is replaced while preserving healthy sections. The surgeon replaces either the humeral (upper arm bone) or ulnar (forearm bone) component, depending on the location of the damage. This preserves more natural bone and may simplify future revision surgery if needed.

The surgeon conducts a comprehensive evaluation, including blood tests, imaging studies, and a physical examination to assess the elbow’s condition. They also review the patient’s medical history and overall health to ensure readiness for the procedure and reduce potential risks.

Blood-thinning medications require adjustment or temporary cessation. Anti-inflammatory medications need careful timing around the surgery date. The surgeon provides specific instructions for managing regular medications.

CT scans or specialised X-rays are used to evaluate the elbow joint in detail. These help the surgeon determine the optimal implant size and positioning. The surgical approach is carefully planned, and the most suitable prosthetic components are selected to match the patient’s anatomy and functional needs.

The procedure involves the use of either general anaesthesia or regional nerve blocks to ensure the patient remains comfortable and pain-free. Vital signs are continuously monitored, and sedation is adjusted as needed throughout the surgery.

An incision is made along the back of the elbow, allowing access to the joint. Muscles and nerves are gently moved aside, and surrounding structures are carefully protected throughout the procedure to reduce potential complications.

Damaged bone surfaces are meticulously removed with specialised instruments, and the remaining bone is shaped to fit the prosthetic components. Precise cuts ensure proper implant fit, alignment, and functionality.

Metal stems are inserted into the arm bones, and the prosthetic components are securely fixed using surgical cement or press-fit techniques. Joint stability and smooth movement are thoroughly assessed to confirm proper function.

The soft tissues around the new joint are repaired with care, and the incision is closed in layers using suitable suture materials. A sterile dressing is applied to protect the surgical site and promote healing.

During the first 24–48 hours, care focuses on managing pain and minimising the risk of complications. Wound healing is closely monitored, and gentle range-of-motion exercises are introduced to maintain joint flexibility. Hospital stays typically last 2–3 days, depending on individual recovery progress.

Rehabilitation begins within a few days after surgery with a structured physical therapy program. Therapists guide patients on proper arm positioning, movement techniques, and safe use of the joint. Exercise intensity is gradually increased over the following weeks to improve strength and mobility.

Light activities are usually resumed within six weeks, while more demanding tasks are gradually reintroduced between three and six months. The therapist provides ongoing support, including tailored activity modifications and clear guidance on any necessary restrictions to ensure optimal recovery.